放牧条件下大针茅种群的形态变异

以草原生态系统顶级群落羊草样地(1979年围封)为对照,研究了同一生境下长期放牧后围封2年的新羊草样地的大针茅种群生殖器官和营养器官的变异。结果表明:新羊草样地大针茅植株变矮,丛幅显著减小,营养枝和生殖枝减少,且生殖枝减少更为显著,说明大针茅放牧后个体小型化,有性繁殖降低,新枝条形成时间提前,但也提前结束。此外,其种子长变短,芒柱变短、变细,芒针变弱但长度基本没有变。     

楸树自然变异与良种选择

对楸树中７种与生长相关的变异因子进行了数量化分析，得出树高、胸径、单株立木材积的主要因子与生长的相关关系，并建立了线性回归方程。提出了良种这样及早期测定的形质性状标准。     

一种二元单亲演化差基因变异算法

设计了一种新的单亲遗传算法,该算法对个体和基因分别计算其适应值,并将适应值最差的基因 进行变异,从而大大提高了遗传算法的全局收敛速度。以n皇后问题为例,采用这种算法求解3000个皇 后问题所用时间平均约为55min,而求解100个皇后问题所用时间平均只有约124ms。实验表明,该算法 不仅能在短时内找到全局最优解(精确解),而且具有良好的稳定性。     

凤尾桑及其芽变品系间遗传变异的ISSR分析

利用ISSR引物,从分子水平分析了凤尾桑及其芽变株系的遗传变异。从8个ISSR引物扩增结果来看,3个引物的扩增产物在株系间无差异,从变异株系扩增条带来看,凤尾芽变变异最大。本结果从分子水平证明了芽变株系的遗传结构差异。     

节能日光温室光照强度的分布及其变化

在充分考虑了温室结构和植株生长影响的基础上,对日光温室光照强度的变化规律进行了研究,得到的主要结论如下:冠层上部辐射强度的南北差异比东西差异大;冠层下部光照条件东西差异明显,南北差异不大。总体上讲,辐射强度上下差异比南北差异明显。     

甘肃省河东地区主秋期降水量时空分布特征

利用甘肃省河东地区55个站30a的主秋期降水量资料进行经验正交展开(EOF)和旋转经验正交展开(REOF),分析其空间分布特征和异常类型;以平凉站为例分析了主秋期降水的时间变化规律和周期性;将河东地区主秋期降水量分为8个气候片。分析表明,河东地区主秋期雨量变化规律较为一致,空间分布不均,具有南多北少和东西多中间少的特点;多雨中心和少雨中心的多年平均值相差近200mm;主秋期降水年际变化较大,容易出现不同程度的旱或涝,并有9a左右的周期;20世纪40、60年代为相对多雨期,50、90年代为相对少雨期,70、80年代与平均值持平。     

白花柽柳nrDNA的ITS序列片段研究

运用PCR直接测序法 ,对白花柽柳 (TamarixalbiflonumM .T .Liu .)的nrDNA的ITS区 (包括ITS -l,5 .8SrDNA和ITS - 2 )进行序列测定。结果表明 ,该植物的ITS序列和长穗柽柳 (Tamarixelongata)的序列差别不大 :ITS - 1片段的长度都是 2 5 9bp ;ITS - 2片段的长度同为 2 44bp ;G C百分含量仅相差 1% ;碱基差异共发生 18处。由ITS及 5 .8SrDNA序列分子证据看 ,白花柽柳更可能是长穗柽柳的变异。     

Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean

The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola , collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity ( H  = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.     

Variation of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to soil quality: implications for invasiveness

Summary The performance of Parthenium hysterophorus , native to the tropical Americas and invasive to several countries, was evaluated for response to soil quality. Phenological (six stages) and quantitative growth variables [relative growth rates in height (R_h) and diameter (R_d)] were measured every fortnight. Based on harvest data, the variables, root:shoot (R:S) ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate in biomass (R_w), net assimilation rate (NAR) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. High clay content in soils prolonged the rosette stage, enhanced R_h and R_d and hampered root growth, but promoted biomass allocation to shoots. The extreme degree of plant mortality was observed, with only 33.3% individuals surviving to reproduce in the soils with highest clay contents. This appears to be one of the most important findings that certainly has a major bearing on the range of adaptation of the weed. Seed mass declined whereas seed production increased in relatively coarser soils with the exception of nearly pure sand. In soils rich in clay, plants produced a smaller number of larger seeds. These data suggest that variation in fundamental functional traits would enable P. hysterophorus to adjust to a variety of habitat conditions.